Our most moving and memorable moments came from our visit to Elmina and Cape Coast, two “castles” on the Coast of Ghana that held those who had been captured into slavery, as they suffered in dungeons waiting for slave ships that would take them to unknown lands and destinies. Over brutal centuries, 15 million African slaves were transported to the Americas, and millions more were captured and died. On this trade in humans as commodities, wealth in Europe was built. Through their labour, sweat, suffering, intelligence and creativity, the wealth of the Americas was developed.

At the Elmina Castle, the Dutch merchants, soldiers, and Governor lived on the upper level, while the slaves were held in captivity one level below. We entered a room used as a church, with words from Psalm 132 on a sign still hanging above the door (“For the Lord has chosen Zion…”). And we imagined Reformed Christians worshipping their God while directly below them, right under their feet, those being sold into slavery languished in the chains and horror of those dungeons. For more than two centuries in that place this went on.

In angry bewilderment we thought, “How could their faith be so divided from life? How could they separate their spiritual experience from the torturous physical suffering directly beneath their feet? How could their faith be so blind?”

Some of us are descended from those slave traders and slave owners, and others of us are descendants of the those who were enslaved. We shared responses of tears, silence, anger, and lamentation. Those who are Reformed Christians have always declared God’s sovereignty over all life and all the earth. So how could these forbears of Reformed faith deny so blatantly what they believed so clearly?

Yet, as we listened to the voices today from our global fellowship, we discovered the mortal danger of repeating the same sin of those whose blindness we decried. For today’s world is divided between those who worship in comfortable contentment and those enslaved by the world’s economic injustice and ecological destruction who still suffer and die.

We perceive that the world today lives under the shadow of an oppressive empire. By this we mean the gathered power of pervasive economic and political forces throughout the globe that reinforce the division between the rich and the poor. Millions of those in our congregations live daily in the midst of these realities. The economies of many of our countries are trapped in international debt and imposed financial demands that worsen the lives of the poorest. So many suffer! Each day, 24,000 people die because of hunger and malnutrition, and global trends show that wealth grows for the few while poverty increases for the many. Meanwhile, millions of others in our congregations live lives as inattentive to this suffering as those who worshipped God on the floor above slave dungeons.

In our discussions in Accra – indeed in the past seven years of reflection since we last met in General Council at Debrecen, Hungary – we have come to realize that this is not just another “issue” to be “addressed”. Rather, it goes to the heart of our confession of faith. How can we say that we believe that Jesus Christ is the Lord over all life, and not stand against all that denies the promise of fullness of life to the world?

If Jesus Christ is not Lord over all, he is not Lord at all. That is why we find in the Bible a constant criticism of idolatry, emphasized in our Reformed tradition. To declare faith in the one true God is to reject divided loyalties between God and Mammon, dethrone the false gods of wealth and power, and turn from false promises to the true God of life.

We know that this does not come easily for any of us. Yet our hope lies in confessing that the power of the resurrected Christ can overturn the idols and the modern gods that hold the world captive to injustice and ecological destruction.

Therefore, we invite you, in Reformed churches throughout the world, to take this stance of faith, standing against all that denies life and hope for millions, as a concrete expression of our allegiance to Jesus Christ.

Brothers and sisters, this is a grave and serious invitation. As those who have met on your behalf in Accra, we declare to you that the integrity of our Christian faith is now at stake, just as it was for those worshipping in the Elmina castle. Confessing our faith and giving our lives to the Lordship of Jesus Christ requires our opposition to all that denies the fullness of life to all those in our world so loved by God.

Such a confession also sends us forth with new eyes of faith into the world. Mission, it can be said, is embodied in the life of the church in the world. In Accra we recognized that living according to what we say we believe changes our understanding of mission today. We recalled that the church was born in a time of empire. God’s Spirit called forth the church, in response to God’s work in the world, as a new community bearing witness to a new global reality and opposing the false claims of earthly gods.

God’s mission involves your congregation and each of ours in fresh and challenging ways today. How can we share the message and liberating love of Christ’s life in those places where suffering and death seem to reign? This much we discovered for certain in Accra: more than ever, faithful mission today requires our connection – really it demands bonds of belonging – between one another as churches. The challenges we now face in proclaiming the Good News will simply overwhelm us if we confront them as individual churches alone.

In today’s world the divisions between the North and the South, the rich and the poor, and the powerful and the powerless, grow sharper and seek to isolate us from one another. That’s why mission requires us as churches to belong more deeply to one another, overcoming those divisions through the work of God’s Spirit as an evidence of the hope that is offered to the world. In our inclusive fellowship here in Accra, we have experienced a taste of this hope and seek to share it with you.
In this council we have focused on current threats to life, especially economic neoliberalism and the arrogance of imperial power. Our churches in central and eastern Europe remind us that for long decades they suffered under the tyranny of another empire. The wounds of this past are not yet healed. We recognize the need for all of us – East and West – to work through this bleak chapter of our history, and to ask whether Reformed churches in the West heard sufficiently the cry of their sisters and brothers in the East.

Being truly mutual and accountable is hard and even painful, testing the depth of our trust. It requires the vulnerability demonstrated in Jesus. But there is no other way for us to follow God’s mission, and building unity for this purpose is one of the practical things the World Alliance of Reformed Churches can make possible.

But we discovered one more truth in Accra that we want to share. If confessing what we believe as Christians requires our spiritual and practical resistance to economic injustice as well as environmental destruction, then we need new depths of spirituality. This isn’t mere political activism; we’re being called to a spiritual engagement against evil, and for that we need our lives to be deeply rooted in the power of God’s Spirit. To put it simply, we need, as never before, the transformation of our lives promised through Jesus Christ.

This spiritual challenge flows from the words found in John 10:10, where Jesus declares the promise “that all may have life in fullness”. That biblical theme, in fact, wove itself through the work of the council during these days. Our Christian spirituality opens us to the presence and power of God in all the creation. Further, it draws us into ever-deeper community with one another. Deepening our spirituality can connect us with God’s power for the healing of personal wounds, social scars, and political divisions.

We also realized more clearly than ever that such spiritual transformation and the community that it creates are only possible as the gifts of women and young people are freely exercised and liberated in our life together. We experienced a glimpse of this in our gathering, as both women and youth shared so richly in worship, Bible study, presentations to the council, and leadership roles, and we long for the spirituality that makes this possible in every one of our congregations.

Because we were in Accra, Ghana, we were blessed constantly with the spiritual vitality and power of the local churches that hosted and received us. The drums and songs that saturate the soul of the African church permeated our worship. We marvelled at offerings given with such dancing and joy from hearts so full of gratitude. Here we tasted a spirituality that seemed so whole, so worshipful, so connected in community, and so embracing of God’s creation. It draws from the gifts of the culture and sings not only in these enchanting songs, but also in their daily lives, as their witness to the fullness of life in Christ.

As we entered the homes of our hosts on a weekend of visits to churches throughout Ghana and then were carried away by the power of their worship, our hearts were filled with hope and gratitude. We experienced the warmth of their hospitality and the power of God’s Spirit to bring new life and community. And we knew this is the sign of the only power that can sustain us as we confess our faith in Christ, stand against the powers of evil that threaten life, and live in mission with the hope of fullness of life for all promised by our Lord.

We want you to join in the confession and covenant with one another we have made in Accra. As part of the fellowship of those churches throughout the globe that share in common the Reformed tradition of Christian faith, we long for our experience here to enrich and encourage your mission and ministry.

We’ve included a liturgy that could enable you to share in worship the same confession, commitments, and promises that we have made here at this council. And we’ve also included an appendix that gives a summary of the many other urgent issues and concerns from around the globe that received our attention.

Our prayer for you is that God may reveal to you in fresh ways how our faith is deeply connected to all of life. May none of us ever live our faith insensitive to brutal suffering and indifferent to urgent cries from our world. May all of us know the power of God at work in our Lord Jesus Christ to overcome evil and offer to all the world life in the fullness intended by God.

And may the grace of God, the love of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit, be with you now and forever more.

Accra, Ghana
August 12 2004

Supplement to the Message
The Congregational Liturgy

Worship materials available for adaptation by congregations, celebrating the 24th General Council of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches (WARC), in Accra, Ghana, July 30 - August 12, 2004.

Call to worship
The Alpha and Omega, source of all life is here.
The creator of life and the giver of life is in our midst.
Life in all its fullness is God’s offer to all.

Praise to God
Triune God, you have made the universe, bringing light out of darkness. The stars declare you glory, and the trees of the earth praise you. You are brightness beyond our knowing, beauty beyond our imagination, holiness beyond our comprehension. We find ourselves before you, drawn to you by your Word of life in our world, the true light that enlightens everyone. Through him your Spirit has searched us out and touched us, our hearts sing, and our feet dance with joy. You are the rescuer, the restorer, the redeemer of life in all its fullness. To know you is to discover the clear spring of joy and justice, refreshing the earth. We praise you for the light of the knowledge of your glory in the face of Jesus Christ. Amen.

Confession
We invite congregations to name specific matters for confession and repentance within their context.

L: Living God, you disturb us, for you give us as brother and sister all who bear your image in your world.

R: O Lord, deliver us from hardness of heart to the other.

L: Lord, we recoil in horror hearing of those who once sung hymns in beautiful churches built over the top of the dungeons, while below their brothers and sisters that they sold into slavery moaned in their suffering.

R: O Lord, deliver us from hardness of heart to the other.

L: Just God, waken us from our comfortable self-satisfaction that we may hear the cries of millions who suffer and die from the demands of the world’s unjust economic systems.

R: O Lord, let us see this with the eyes of Jesus.

L: Lord God, we live in the shadow of a global financial empire that presents itself as the only way forward for the world, commodifying all as profit and loss, benefiting the few at the expense of the many.

R: O Lord, let us see this with the eyes of Jesus.

L: Creator God, this economic system plunders the resources of the earth for itself, destroys species by the hour, and threatens the ecosystems on which we all depend for life.

R: O Lord, deliver the earth.

L: It is only in the light of your presence, God, and with Jesus, promise of life in all its fullness, that we can dare to look at what we have done. Bring to us the freedom of a forgiveness that calls us to covenant for the ways of justice and truth. I declare to you. Your sins are forgiven.

R: Thanks be to God

The Word
Psalm 132
John 10.7-10

Confessing our faith
We believe in God, Creator and Sustainer of all life, who calls us as partners in the healing and redemption of the world.

We believe that God in Jesus Christ is revealed as the one who covenants with and for humanity and all life on earth. We live within the promise that Jesus Christ came so that all might have life in fullness.

We believe that God in the power of the Holy Spirit gives us a basis for global life in respect for creation, restoration of community, transformation of the individual, a just distribution of resources, and celebration of life for all.

We believe that the way nations and the world community organize the household of human life remains at all times accountable to God. Human beings are always called to choose between the one true God and the false gods of wealth and power.

We believe that in our day the church is especially called to stand by suffering people and to voice the cry of the earth in the face of mounting economic injustice and ecological destruction, so that justice may roll down like waters, and righteousness like an everflowing stream.

We believe that God calls us to follow Jesus Christ in bringing good news to the poor, health and healing to those who are ill, proclaiming freedom to the captives and peace in a world of war, embracing the outcast and excluded, honouring diversity, and treating women and men as equal partners in church and society.

We believe that the congregation – the people of God, the body of Christ, the community of the Spirit – is called to be a sign, a witness, and a sacrament of the mission of God in every place. Obedience is the measure of our faith.

Covenant for a congregation
In baptism, each of us is called to turn from the powers of darkness to the light of Jesus Christ. There is a growing realization in the Church that the present global economic order places more and more power in the hands of institutions that are not accountable, treats people as commodities, and plunders and despoils the earth. We believe this goes right to the heart of our confession of faith. Therefore, we will seek to live out our baptism in the following ways:

We covenant to face the darkness pervading our world, and, in the name of Jesus Christ as the Lord over all life, stand against all that denies his promise of the fullness of life to the world.

Therefore we will not hope in things but in the life-giving Spirit of God.

We covenant to pray for the Spirit of God to lead us in discerning the power that gives rise to life for the peoples of the world, so that we may oppose that which brings suffering and death.

Therefore we will walk with the suffering and the hurting and oppose the powers of death as agents of the God of life.

We covenant to be part of God’s mission to confront the god of Mammon.

Therefore we will seek to grow our willingness to be in partnership with the needy.

We covenant to stand against the abuse of the environment and take action to foster respect and appreciation for the creation.

Therefore we will seek to protect the environment and to conserve resources in every possible way.

We covenant to witness against the unequal distribution of resources in our society and stand in solidarity with those who suffer the effects of this global financial empire.

Therefore we will go as signs of the grace of God, working with those seeking a just society.

We covenant to live out a spirituality that is open to the future, life giving for all ages, giving expression to the good news of Jesus Christ within culture and the community.

Therefore we will give time to growing our relationship with the God of grace and truth.

We covenant with others worldwide: we commit ourselves, our time, and our energy to the call of changing, renewing, and restoring the economy and the earth.

Therefore we choose life so that we and our descendants might live in a just world.

Resources
The following are a series of songs celebrating justice, peace and the integrity of creation for use in the liturgy. Worship leaders are encouraged to select songs and hymns from other collections where appropriate.

These songs are available in the song book Thuma Mina published by the Basel Mission and the Board of Protestant Missions, Hamburg, Germany.

234 Deep in the Human Heart (Aotearoa - New Zealand; Philippines)
238 Each of the Places (USA)
239a All Across the Nation (Africa)
239b Hope for the Children (Canada)
245 Anunciaremos tu reino, Señor (Peru)
251 For the Healing of the Nations (U.K.)

Appendix to the Message

Summary of the 24th General Council’s reports and decisions

The work of the General Council began with these seven issue groups: Healing, honouring diversity, inclusiveness and participation, peace, gender justice, creation, and economic justice. Discussions on each of these topics were then brought to three areas that comprised the main portion of the Council’s work: Mission, covenant, and spirituality.

Mission
The Council stressed that mission now takes place in the context of globalization and Empire, recalling the Reformed reflection on the roles of Jesus as a prophet who resisted the domination of an empire in his time, a priest who comforted the poor and marginalized, and a king who showed the path of servanthood. A “missiology of life” emphasizes the role of healing and of gender justice as a key part of mission. In the next seven-year period, WARC is encouraged to strengthen its dialogue with Pentecostal churches, discovering areas of mutual learning and deepening a Reformed understanding of the Holy Spirit. Further, a fresh commitment to interfaith dialogue, understanding that Christians are “the people of God among all God’s people”, is required to support interreligious engagement by WARC’s churches, particularly in the light of global religious conflict. Finally, mission requires new expressions of unity between the churches that lead to true mutuality, move beyond bilateralism, and enable churches to covenant with one another in sharing, witness and common action.

Covenant
Since the last General Council seven years ago in Debrecen, WARC has been exploring how the global realities of economic injustice and ecological destruction may require a response that goes to the heart of our confession of Christian faith. In Accra, the Council placed urgent attention and devoted much of its energy to this challenge. In describing these conditions in stark and detailed terms, the Council identified “neoliberal economic globalization” as supporting an idolatry of the limitless accumulation of wealth, and enforcing global structures that widen the divide between rich and poor. Then the Council affirmed a confessional statement, declaring how central claims of Christian faith are contradicted by these global realities, and therefore compel the church to shape a response rooted in living out the integrity of our faith. A series of affirmations and rejections, echoing the style of some early Reformation confessions, was adopted that gave specific content to this process. Finally, the Council called the churches of WARC to covenant with one another in the ongoing task of living out this statement, and committing themselves “to changing, renewing, and restoring the economy and the earth, choosing life, so that we and our descendants might live”. (Deuteronomy 30:19)

Spirituality
“Spirituality is our chief means to discern and hallow the presence of God breaking out in all things.” The General Council placed significant emphasis on the “indwelling Spirit” that “transforms and sanctifies us inwardly and outwardly”. Delegates observed that theology had often emphasized “head over the heart, and mind over the body”, and stressed that deepening our spiritual resources is essential in order to hear the cry of life from God and our neighbours. Struggling for justice, living more gently on the earth, renewing our worship, evoking the gifts of leadership in our congregations, and loving those who suffer, all depend upon the focused development of our spirituality. Significant attention was given to the issues of worship style and practice, noting the way that the “life-filled” worship and spirituality of the churches in Ghana had made a deep impression on many delegates. The General Council made several recommendations, including the study of Reformed perspectives of the Holy Spirit, steps to encourage worship renewal, creative responses to the issue of HIV/AIDS, and addressing divisive and exclusive practices at the Eucharist among some member churches.

Involvement of youth
Youth delegates made a strong contribution to the General Council, beginning with their own gathering that took place immediately before the council started. The continuation and strengthening of WARC’s office for youth concerns were included among the recommendations made by the General Council, and six youth were elected to the new 40-member Executive Committee.

Public issues
The General Council addressed a wide number of public issues. Building upon the foundation of its covenant for economic and environmental justice, WARC called upon its member churches to advocate with governments and international institutions on critical matters addressing trade, taxation policy, international debt, global agreements to protect the environment, democratic reform of international financial institutions, and related issues. Regarding gender justice, WARC urged its member churches to support the theological education and ordination of women, as well as working within societies to combat a variety of social injustices directed against women. Concerning the crisis of HIV and AIDS, WARC urged both theological work and action locally and globally against this life and death issue. WARC also reaffirmed commitments concerning human rights, religious freedom, rights of asylum seekers, abolition of the death penalty and the growing importance of interfaith work in today’s world. Situations of conflict, war, and movements for self-determination in specific countries were addressed by the General Council. Finally, in looking to the future, the General Council identified issues relating to human genetics and “life ethics” as requiring attention, including patenting of genetic sequences, cloning and the use of stem cells, and genetically modified crops and foods.